Choquequirao
| Choquequirao | |
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| Location | |
 Location of Chquequirao in Peru
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| Coordinates | 13°23′34.1″S 72°52′25.7″W / 13.392806°S 72.873806°WCoordinates: 13°23′34.1″S 72°52′25.7″W / 13.392806°S 72.873806°W |
| Period | 1536 – 1572 |
| Country |  Peru |
| Region | Santa Teresa, La Convención, Cusco |
| Elevation | 3,050 m (10,010 ft) |
| Area | 18 km² (6.9 sq mi) |
Choquequirao (Southern Quechua: Chuqi K'iraw, "Cradle of Gold" or Choqek'iraw1) is a ruined Inca city in south Peru, similar in structure and architecture to Machu Picchu. The ruins are buildings and terraces at levels above and below Sunch'u Pata, the truncated hill top. The hilltop was anciently leveled and ringed with stones to create a 30 by 50 m platform.
Choquequirao (3,050 m2) is in the spurs of the Salkantay Mountain Range in the Province La Convención in the Cusco region above the valley of river Río Apurímac. The complex is 1,800 hectares, of which 30–40% is excavated.34
The site is reached by a two-day hike from outside Cusco.3
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History
The site was built by Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493) and Huayna Capac (1493-1527).2 It was one of the last bastions of resistance and refuge of the Son of the Sun (the "Inca"), Manco Inca Yupanqui, who fled Cusco after his siege of the city failed in 1535.
According to the Peruvian Tourism Office, "Choquequirao was probably one of the entrance check points to the Vilcabamba, and also an administrative hub serving political, social and economic functions. Its urban design has followed the symbolic patterns of the imperial capital, with ritual places dedicated to the Sun (Inti) and the ancestors, to the earth, water and other divinities, with mansions for administrators and houses for artisans, warehouses, large dormitories or kallankas and farming terraces belonging to the Inca or the local people. Spreading over 700 meters, the ceremonial area drops as much as 65 meters from the elevated areas to the main square."2 The city also played an important role as a link between the Amazon Jungle and the city of Cusco.
Layout
The typical Inca terraces form the largest constructions on site. A temple, some administrative buildings and the living quarters of the aristocrats are situated around the central square. On the outskirts of the site lie the living quarters of the common people grouped together in a small village. There are water channels, aqueducts and water springs. Most buildings are well-preserved and well-restored; restoration continues.
Access
The Peruvian government plans a cable car to reach the ruins. Others have proposed a train similar to that used to Macchu Picchu.5
Discovery
According to Ethan Todras-Whitehill of the New York Times, Choquequirao's first non-Incan visitor was the explorer Juan Arias Díaz in 1710.6 The first written site reference in 1768 was made by Cosme Bueno, but was ignored at the time. In 1834 Eugene de Santiges rediscovered the site. In 1837 Leonce Agrand mapped the site for the first time, but his maps were forgotten. When Hiram Bingham, the discoverer of Machu Picchu, visited Choquequirao in 1909 the site gained more attention. The first excavations started in the 1970s.
